BackgroundOnchocerciasis causes a considerable disease burden in Africa, mainly through skin and eye disease.Since 1995, the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control (APOC) has coordinated annual mass treatment with ivermectin in 16 countries.In this study, we estimate the health impact of APOC and the associated costs from a program perspectiv
This paper Cassette Rear Paper Stop discusses the process of functional aging of Geiger-Muller counters.Two types of Geiger-Muller counter chambers were characterized in an experiment using a combined constant voltage.Chamber A had a coaxial geometry and chamber B had a plan-parallel geometry.The experimental results indicate that the aging process
The bagrada bug, Bagrada hilaris, is an invasive insect pest in the Cat Treats family Brassicaceae that causes economically important damage to crops.It was originally present in Asia, the Middle East, and Africa, and was reported as invasive in the southwestern part of the US, in Chile, and on a few islands in the Mediterranean Basin.In its native
Sulfate is the predominant electron acceptor for anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) in marine sediments.This process is carried out by a syntrophic consortium of anaerobic methanotrophic archaea (ANME) and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) through an energy conservation mechanism that is still poorly understood.It was previously hypothesized that A
Switch-like responses arising from bistability have been linked to cell signaling processes and memory.Revealing the shape and properties of the set of parameters that lead to bistability is necessary to understand the underlying biological mechanisms, but is a complex mathematical problem.We present an efficient approach to address a basic topolog